大学英语四六级考试语法精要（三）

4． 分隔式定语从句

定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但有时会被其他句子成分与先行词隔开，从而构成分隔式定语从句。

The days are gone when power politics worked.

A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you French.

5.介词+关系代词（which/whom等）引出的定语从句

如果关系代词（which/whom等）在定语从句中作介词的宾语，那么这个介词可以提到从句前，构成“介词+关系代词（which/whom等）+定语从句”。在这种结构中关系代词不可以用that。

This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.

The four travelers with whom I shared the room were pleasant people.

6.关系代词在限制性定语从句中常可以省略,一般有以下几种情况:

1) 关系代词在从句中作直接宾语时，在大多数情况下可以省略。

This is something (that) you must always keep in mind.

The man (whom) you just met is our manager.

关系代词作介词宾语时，介词位于句尾时关系代词可以省略；介词位于关系代词之前时则关系代词不能省略。

This is the room (which) Churchill was born in.

This is the room in which Churchill was born.（which不可省略）

2) 关系代词作主语时一般不能省略，但如果关系代词在由there … be存在句构成的定语从句中作主语时常可省略。

This is the only book (that) there is on this subject.

The old professor made full use of the time (that) there was left to him to continue his research.

3) 在way后面的定语从句中in which或that通常省略。

That’s the way (that/in which) I look at it.

I don’t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.

7.非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句修饰先行词或整个主句，起补充说明的作用，如果省略掉，原句句意仍保持完整。非限制性定语从句要用逗号与主句隔开，其引导词不能用that。非限制性定语从句属于正式语体。经常考到的非限制性定语从句有以下三种。

1) 由which、as引导的非限制性定语从句。which、as代表整个主句。

He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.

China is still a developing country, which is known to all of us.

2) 由 “介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。

He sent her a letter, in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.

He failed to pass the exam, because of which his parents scolded him.

4) 由 “数词、代词或名词+of +关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。

He had three sons, one of whom was my son’s classmate.

There are about twenty students in this course, most of whom are freshmen.

They are two different words, the spellings of which are easily confused.

Ⅱ 状语从句

1. 状语从句中以下四种从句考得较多，这里给予简单介绍。

1) 时间状语从句

时间状语从句主要由以下连词引导：when, whenever, as, while, since, until, till, before, after, as soon as, once, hardly (scarcely) … when, no sooner … than。

I will discuss the matter with you when we meet tomorrow.

He didn’t go to sleep until he finished doing his homework.

You have changed a lot since we met last time.

时间状语从句还可由某些可充当连词的名词（the moment, the instant, every time,等）和副词（instantly, directly等）引导：

I will tell you the news the instant I know.

Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet.

Note:

①before除了可表示 “在…之前”外，还可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很长或花费的力量相比较大，可译为“…才”。（“not … before” 可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很短或花费的力量相比较小，可译为“…就”）。

It was a long time before I got to sleep again.

They had not been married a month before they quarreled.

②如果位于when引导的分句之前的主句使用过去进行时、过去完成时或“was/were about to, was/were on the point of”等结构时，when表示突然发生某事，可译为“正在…突然”或“刚…就”等。这时，不能够用as或while来代替when。

I was walking on the street when I ran into my old friend John.

She had just fallen asleep when the telephone rang.

We were about to leave when it began to rain.

2) 条件状语从句

条件状语从句主要由以下连词引导：if, unless, providing/provided (that), suppose/supposing (that), on condition (that), as/so long as, in case等。

So long as you work hard, you will surely achieve good results in examinations.

I shall return next Thursday unless something unexpected happens.

I will go provided that you go with me.

Please give this letter to John in case he comes.

3) 让步状语从句

让步状语从句主要由以下连词引导：though, although, even if, even though, whatever, however, whoever, wherever, no matter how/ what/ where/ when等。以下介绍几种较特殊的让步状语从句。