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语法结构-不定式、-ING分词和-ED分词三者间的关系

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[A] She is noted primarily [B] Noted primarily
[C] Primarily is noted [D] She primarily noted

14) Considered one of the leading poets in America today,___ .
[A] a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia Sanchez
[B] Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and plays
[C] a number of Sonia Sanchez's books and plays have been written
[D] there have been a number of books and plays written by Sonia Sanchez

3. ①作定语时,-ING分词表示正在进行的动作,而-ED分词表示动作发生在谓语动词之前;②-ING分词表示它所修饰的词经常或当时的状态,而-ED分词则没有时间性;③-ING分词表示主动,而-ED分词表示被动

15) The boiled [A] point of any liquid [B] is determined [C] by the pressure [D] of the surrounding gases.

16) High-grade [A] written [B] paper is frequently [C] obtained [D] from cotton rags.

17) Scientists [A] still cannot find [B] any convinced [C] link between intelligence [D] and the quantity or quality of brain cells.

4. 但少数几个动词的-ED分词,有两种形式而且在意义上有差别,如:bear的-ED分词有born和borne之分,前者只用于"出生"的意义,而后者用于"负担","负荷","承担"和"传送"之意

I was born in 1966.

His borne responsibility to the whole workers of the factory is really great.

再如:hang的-ED分词也有两种,一是hung,另一形式是hanged, 前者表示"悬挂",后者表示"吊死,绞死"。strike的-ED分词也有两种:struck和striken, 前者有"打击""冲击""感动"等义,而striken只用作形容词,表示"受折磨"之意。

来自及物动词的-ED分词所表示的是被动意义;来自不及物动词的-ED分词则可表示主动和完成的意义:fallen leaves (落叶),a full-blown rose (盛开的玫瑰), escaped prinsoners(逃犯), the exploded bomb, her deceased husband, the retired workers, the vanished jewels, the newly arrived visitors, the returned students, the risen sun.

三、例题解析

1) A为正确答案。(一般性的动作。)

2) A为正确答案。(连续的动作。)

3) D错。 改为harvesting(抽象的动作)。

4) A为正确答案。(已完成的动作。)

5) C错。 改为to be interviewed(将要发生的动作)。

6) C错。改为to kill(不定或未来动作)。

7) D为正确答案。(过去经常或总是干……)

8) A为正确答案。(习惯于……used是形容词)

9) A错。改为jog。(表示过去经常或总是干……)

10) A为正确答案。

11) A为正确答案。

12) B为正确答案。本句是由-ED分词"noted"引导的-ED结构,在句中说明主句谓语的背景。

13) B为正确答案。

14) B为正确答案。-ED分词"considered"的逻辑主语应为人,除B外的其他选项都无法和空白前-ED结构在逻辑主语上一致。

15) A错。改为boiling。-ED分词含有完成和被动的意思,-ING分词则表示主动、进行,也可用作前置定语表示性状、用途。如:"boiling water(water which is boiling.)"意思是"开水",意即"正在开着的水",而"boiled water(water which has been boiled.)"虽也可译为"开水",但表示"已开过了的水(现在可能凉了)。"本句A处应改为boiling,"boiling point"意思是"沸点"。

16) B错。改用"writing","writing paper"意为"写字的纸,信纸",-ING分词"writing"表用途。与此类似的还有"swimming pool"(游泳池) ,"sleeping car"(卧铺) 。"written"含有完成和被动意味,不合上下文。

17) C错。改为"convincing"。"令人信服的联系"应为"convincing link","convincing"含有主动的意味,即"联系"(link)本身具有这种性质,而"convinced"则含有完成或被动的含义, 修饰有生命的名词 。试比较:a surprising man (使人惊讶的人) ,a surprised man (被惊吓了的人)
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