语法结构--- 动词不定式(1)
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It''s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.
二、 不定式作宾语
不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式；另一种是"动词＋疑问词＋带to的不定式"
1. 动词＋带to的不定式结构
只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有：afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, ask, believe, care, claim, decide, decline(拒绝), demand, desire, determine, endeavor, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, mean(想要), offer(表示愿意做…), pretend, promise, refuse, seek(试图), swear, undertake, wish(想要)等。
5) We refuse___ that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults(银行保管库) of this nation.
［A］ to believe ［B］ to be belived
［C］ beliving ［D］ have belived
6) The green turtle has been known over 2，000 miles to return to a nesting site.
［A］ in the navigating ［B］ the navigation
［C］ to navigate ［D］ navigation
7) For the ［A］ first time Venusian scientists managed landing ［B］ a satellite on the planet Earth, and it has been sending ［C］ back signals as well as ［D］ photographs ever since.
8) The day is past when Chinese universities and colleges to give high school diplomas to all who sit through four years of instruction, regardless of whether any visible results can be discerned.
［A］ afforded ［B］ affording
［C］ to afford［D］ can afford
从上例我们可以看出afford一般与can和can''t或could和couldn''t连用。
2. 动词＋疑问代(副)词＋不定式
这类动词常见的有：advise,decide, discuss, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, regard, remember, see, settle, teach, tell, think(=consider), understand, wonder等。这些疑问代(副)词有what, when, where, which, how, whether等，但不包括why，如：
He does not know how to go there
when to speak before strangers.
who(m) to visit.
which one to choose.
You can decide whether to go forward or stay here.
when to see a doctor.
I will show you what to do.
where to go.
how to deal with it.
其中，1)和2)中不定式的逻辑主语仍是句子的主语，分别为He和You；而3)中不定式的逻辑主语则不是句子的主语I，而是宾语you。
9) The director of this organization must know ___.
［A］ to manage money, sell his product and beable to satisfy stockholders
［B］ managing money, selling, and be able to satisfy the stockholders
［C］ how to manage money, sell his product, and satisfy the stockholders
［D］ money management, selling and being able to satisfy the stockholders
10) To tell you the truth, I really don't know how ___deal with a man like him.
［A］ can I ［B］ well
［C］ to［D］ much
3. 有时，不定式跟作主语时一样，可由it来代替，而把不定式放到后面去
He makes it a rule to take a walk before breakfast.
I think it interesting to play football while it is snowing hard.
We find it difficult to get everything ready before the time you require.
She cosiders it important to make friends with them.
I don''t think it necessary to argue with them on this problem.
4. 有时THERE和TO BE连用表示"有"或"存在(某情况)"等
It is impossible for there to be any more.
Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem?
I expect there to be no argument about this?
有时在个别的介词后可用"疑问词＋不定式结构"作其宾语
He has his own decision of how to do it.
三、 不定式作表语
1. 一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)
To see is to believe/ To work means to earn a living.
2. 另一种情况主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. / The boss''s plan is to start building the skycraper immediately. / What I want to say is to get rid of the plan forever.
11) The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing ［A］ large uninterrupted floor areas ［B］ and to allow ample light ［C］ into the interior ［D］ .
12) The most important ［A］ thing is negociate ［B］ with them about ［C］ the future of ［D］ the plant.
四、 不定式作定语
1. 不定式作定语修饰名词或代词，它只能放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。这时被修饰的名词与不定式之间有逻辑上的主谓关系
13) The flexibility of film allows the artist unstrained imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.
［A］ to bring ［B］ bringing
［C］ is brought ［D］ brings
14) Billie Holiday's reputation as a great jazzblues singer rests on her ability emotional depth to her songs.
［A］ be giving ［B］ are given
［C］ being given ［D］ to give
另外，有些词的不定式定语有主谓关系，如除了上述例句以外，还有些词常跟不定式作定语。这些词主要有decision (to make), (a) need (to eat), opportunity (to speak),reason(to learn a foreing language), time (to sth)等。
- 考试辅导
