1.含义因有无冠词而迥异的短语
at play 在玩
at the play 在看戏
behind time 迟到
behind the times 落在时代后
by day 在白天
by the day 按日计算
by sea 乘船
by the sea 在海边
in front of 在...(外面的)前面
in the front of 在...(内部的前面)
in charge of 看护,负责
in the charge of 由...看护,由...负责
in secret 秘密地(作状语)
in the secret 知道内情(作表语)
in course of 在...过程中(作表语后置定语)
in the course of 在...期间(作状语)
in red 穿着红衣服
in the red 负债,赤字
of age 成年
of an age (岁数)同年
on fire 着火
on the fire 在考虑中
on occasion 不时地;必要时
on the occasion 在那时
out of question 毫无疑问
out of the question 不可能
to death 十分
to the death 到最后
five of us 我们中的五人(部分)
the five of us 我们五个人(全部)
a yellow and white cat 一只黄白相间的猫
a yellow and a white cat 一只黄猫和一只白猫
in a faimly way 象一家人一样
in the family way 怀孕
die of cold 冻死
die of a cold 感冒而死
have words with 与...争吵
have a word with 与...略谈
keep house 管理家务
keep the house 守在家里
take rest 就寝
take a reat 休息一下
take place 发生
take the place of 代替
2.用to do还是of doing作后置定语
不同的名词,对这两种后置定语的选择是有区别的,有的只能用to do,有的只可用of doing,有的两种都可以.现分述如下:
⑴will, willingness, suggestion, conclusion, decision, permission, agreement, refusal, determination, proposal, resolution等,一般用不定式作后置定语.
如:
Mary has the will to win the first prize.(不用of winning)
玛丽有获得一等奖的决心.
He has drawn a conclusion to go abroad with his family.(不用of winning)
他已作出了携家去国外的决定.
⑵hope, risk, possibility, impossibility, probability, intention, prospect, responsiblility, aim等,一般只能用of doing作后置定语.
如:
In fact,tere is no hope of their winning the game.
事实上,他们没有希望赢得这场比赛.(不能说for them to win)
He will run the risk of losing his life to save the child.
他将冒生命危险去救那个孩子.
⑶way, chance, need, necessity, right, freedom, power, opportunity,ability等,既可用不定式短语,又可用of doing短语作后置定语.
如:
Their chance to go(of ging) abroad was lost.
他们失去了出国的机会.
He has the right to do (of doing) that.
他有权那样做.
3.与-ly副词同义的介词短语
in angry= angrily
in despair= desparingly
in admiration= admiringly
in common = commonly
in fact = acrually
in fear = fearfully
in fairness = fairly
in fun = funnily
in grief = grievously
in joke = jokingly
in line = lineally
in mercy = mercifully
in public = publicly
in silence =silently
in spite =spitefully
in sorrow =sorrily/sorrowfully
in surprise =surprisedly
with a smile =smilingly
with satisfaction = satisfactorily
with attention =attentively
with care =carefully
with courage =courageously
with difficult =difficultly
with emphasis = emphatically
with fascination =fascinatingly
with grace =gracefully
with joy = joyfully
with pride =proudly
with pleasure =pleasantly
with warmth =warmly
out of breath =breathlessly
4.alive、live、living和lively的用法
⑴ lively 有"活泼的、快活的、生动的"等意思，可以指人或物，可作定语或标语；但它没有"活着的"意思，而其他三个都有。
如：
Young children are usually lively.
小孩子们通常是活泼的。
He told a very lively story.
他讲了一个生动的故事。
⑵alive、live、living都有"活的、有生命的"意思，与dead意义相反。但live通常只作前置定语，且一般用于动物；alive、living不仅可作定语（alive只能置于名词后；living一般置于名词前，也可置于名词后），也可以作表语。
如：
This is a live(=living) fish.(=This is a fish alive.)
这是一条活鱼。（指动物，且作定语时，三者均可用）
Who's the greatest man alive(=living man)?
谁是当今最伟大的人物？（指人，不能用live）
The fish is still alive(=living)
那条鱼还活着。（指动物作表语时不能用live）。
⑶living主要指在某个时候是活着的，而alive指本来有死的可能，但仍活着的。而且，作主语补足语或宾语补足语时，只能用alive；作比喻义（如"活像。。。"、"活生生的"等）解时，要用living。
如：
The enemy officer was caught alive.(作主语补足语，不用living）
那位敌方军官被活捉了。
We found the snake alive.(作宾语补足语，不用living）
He is the living image of his father.(比喻义，不用alive）
他活象他父亲。
⑷只有living前加the方可表示"活着的人"，作主语时，视作复数。
如：
The living are more important to us than the dead.
活着的人对我们来说比死去的人更重要。
5.every表示"每隔"的用法
⑴"every other+单数名词"
意思是"每隔一。。。"
如：every other day 每隔一天 every other tree 每隔一棵树
⑵"every+基数词+复数名词"或"every+序数词+单数名词"
意思是"每隔。。。"（较英语数词少一个）
如：every three days=every third day 每隔两天（或者译为每三天）
因此every two days=every other day 每隔一天（或者译为每两天）
- 考试辅导
