四级考试语法结构测试重点--(特殊)倒装结构
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二、其他副词引起的倒装
在以下列副词及连接词开头的句子中，要求用倒装结构。常见的副词有：only，so， here，there，now，often，then，down，out， in，up，hence，thus，well，off，away，twice， gladly，many a time等等。
1、在由only开头的句子中，only后面紧跟用作状语的副词、介词或从句，要求用倒装结构。例如：
1）Only by shouting at the top of his voice_______ ．
A）he was able to make himself hear
B）he was able to make himself heard
C）was he able to make himself hear
D）was he able to make himself heard （CET-4，1989．1-50，选D）
2）Only under special circumstances _______ to take make-up tests．
A）are freshmen permitted
B）freshmen are permitted
C）permitted are freshmen
D）are permitted freshmen （CET-4，1997．6-43，选A）
如果only在句首，但是only后面没有紧跟用作状语的副词、介词或从句，则不用倒装结构。
2、在由so开头、引导的表示"前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或事物）"的句子中，要求用倒装结构，so为"肯定的附和"。例如：
John had been working hard and_______ ．
A）so had his brother
B）so his brother had
C）so was his brother
D）so his brother did（CET-4，1991．1-70，选A）
3、由there引起的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：
1）The door opened and there entered a young man in a blue uniform．
2）There used to be a hospital in the corner．
4、由there或now引起的句子、谓语为 come（go）的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：
1）There comes the bus．
2）Now comes your turn．
5、由here引起的句子、谓语为be的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：
1）Here are some good newly-published novels．
2）Here is China's largest tropical forest．
但是，如果主语是人称代词时，由here和 there引出的句子也不用倒装结构。例如：
1）Here we are．
2）Here you are．
6、由then引起的句子、谓语为come（follow）的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：
1）Then come wind，hail and frost．
2）Then came a new difficulty．
7、由often引起的句子，要求用倒装结构。例如：
Often did we warn them not to do so．
三、虚拟条件状语从句中的倒装
1、在含有were，had，should的虚拟条件状语中，如果省略了连接词if，要求用倒装结构。例如：
1）_______ right now，she would get there on Sunday．
A）Would she leave
B）If she leaves
C）Were she to leave
D）If she had left（CET-4，1996．6-42，选C）
2）_______ before we depart the day after tomorrow，we should have a wonderful dinner party．
A）Had they arrived
B）Would they arrive
C）Were they arriving
D）Were they to arrive（CET-4，1997．1-34，选D）
3）Had he worked harder，he _______ the exams．
A）must have got through
B）would have got through
C）would get through
D）could get through （CET-4，1997．6-42，选B）
2、在表示祝愿的句子中，往往要求用倒装句。常常将助动词提前或直接将谓语动词置于主语前面，表示祝愿。例如：
1）May this book in a small way help to improve your English．
2）Long live friendship！
四、让步状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句中的倒装
1、在某些让步状语从句中，通常要求用倒装句，由as引起的情况较多；由as引出的让步状语从句主要有以下三种句型结构：
句型一：adj．／V-ed分词／n．＋as＋S ＋be ＋main clause。例如：
_______ as it was at such a time，his work attracted much attention．
A）Being published
B）Published
C）Publishing
D）To be published（CET-4，1996．1-26，选B）
句型二：adv．＋as＋S＋v．＋main clause。例如：
_______ ，he does get annoyed with her sometimes．
A）Although much he likes her
B）Much although he likes her
C）As he likes her much
D）Much as he likes her （CET-4，2000．6-49，选D）
句型三：v．＋as＋S＋mod．v．／aux．v． ＋main clause。例如：
Ask as we would，he pretended to know nothing about it．
Object as you may，we'll go on our jour- ney as planned．
2、在比较状语从句中，如果主语不是人称代词，常常可以在主语前添加助动词do（be）代替前面出现过的动词。这时，比较对象放在这个do（be）后面，形成一种部分倒装的形式；在the more引导的比较状语从句中，其所修饰的名词应随之移至主谓语之前，而形成部分倒装。例如：
1）He always spends more time on that useless matter than do the others．
2）The living standard of the people is higher than was the case ten years ago．
3）Many people take it for granted that the more children one has，the more secure one's late years will be．
3、在由no matter how，however和how引导的方式状语从句中，其后的形容词、副词应随其移至主谓语之前，而形成部分倒装。例如：
1）However hard he tried，he still failed in the entrance exam．
2）No matter how badly they had slept she was always up early．
五、在由"so＋adv．／adj．＋ that"和"such that"引出的结果状语从句中，要求用倒装句。例如：
1）So far does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed．
2）So suddenly was the attack that we had no time to escape．
3）So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him．
六、为了强调或突出句子的某一部分，往往可以用倒装结构。例如：
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