虚拟语气在四级考试中是一个必考的考点。其中,最常考的是它在宾语从句中的用法。一些表示主观判断、推测、建议、命令和要求的动词通常引起虚拟的宾语从句,此类动词后的宾语从句中采用should +do(其中 should可以省略)的虚拟语气形式。该类动词包括:
(1)高中词汇:advise(劝告)、ask(要求)、decide(决定)、insist(坚持)、order(命令)、suggest(建议)等。
(2)四级常考词汇:command(命令)、demand(要求)、desire(渴望)、prefer(宁愿)、propose(提议)、recommend(劝告)、require(要求)等。
(3)其他词汇:consent(同意)、maintain(主张)、move(提议)、urge(极力主张)、vote(提议)等。
例句:I recommend that you be diligent if you want to pass the exam.如果你们想考试及格,我劝你们勤奋学习。
特别提示:在复习时,可以把相似用法归类记忆。当一个动词后面的宾语从句中应使用(should)+do的虚拟语气形式时,则可推理出用法相同的以下一组从句(以动词advise为例):
(1)I advise that we stay and wait here.(动词后的宾语从句)
(2)It is advised that we stay here.(It is +动词的过去分词+that引导的主语从句)
(3)It is advisable that we stay here.(It is +由该动词派生的形容词+that引导的主语从句)
(4)My advice is that we stay here.(由该动词转换的名词后面的表语从句)
(5)I offered the advice that we stay here.(由该动词转换的名词后面的同位语从句)
(6)I think it advisable that we stay here.(由该动词转换的形容词作宾语补足语,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气)
以上六类从句中谓语动词都使用了should +do的虚拟语气形式,其中,should可以省略。
由上类动词派生的常考名词有:advice(忠告)、deciion(决定)、demand(要求)、desire(渴望)、order(命令)、 preference(偏爱)、proposal(建议)、recommendation(劝告)、requirement(要求)、suggestion(建议)等。
相关的形容词或过去分词有:advisable(合理的)、 desired(期望的)、desirable(合乎需要的)、insistent(坚持的)、ordered(命令的)、preferable(更可取的)、proposed(建议的)、required(要求的)、urgent(紧迫的)等。
例句:His proposal is that we turn off TV for half an hour every day.(表语从句)他建议我们每天少看半个小时的电视。
It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college.(主语从句)急需为这所大学任命一位新校长。
练习:
1.We desire that the team leader_______us immediately of any change in plans.
A.inform B.informs C.informed D.has informed
2.It is recommended that the project________until all the preparations have beenmade.
A.is not startedB.willnot be started
C.not be startedD.is not to be started
3.I don't think it advisable that Tom_________to the job since he has no experience.
A.is assignedB.will be assigned
C.be assignedD.has been assigned
4.My suggestion is that she_________the holidays in Paris.
A.spendsB.will spendC.spendD.is spending
5.What do you think of his proposal that improvements_________in the old type of vacuum cleaner?
A.be madeB.will be made C.would be madeD.will have to be made
答案:1.A 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.A