英语句子的一般语序为"主语＋谓语"。如果把在正常情况下通常出现在后面的成分移至句首，使之处于突出的位置，从而起到特殊强调的作用，我们称这种语法手段为前置。使用前置手段的结果，有时会引起局部倒装，有时则会引起全部倒装。以下就句子成分的前置而引起的倒装谈谈自己的看法。
1．谓语动词的前置
当谓语动词是由情态动词（或助动词）＋行为动词构成时，为了强调动作，可将行为动词移至句首，形成倒装。例如：
While he can't do，do he will．
Write a poem I can't；let me write an essay instead．
2．宾语的前置
一般情况下，宾语前置不会引起全部倒装，但当前置宾语由"not a ＋名词"或"not a single ＋名词"构成时，会引起全部倒装。例如：
The young fellow had a terrible time gambling at the casino．Not a winning number did he have all night．
3．宾语补足语的前置
宾语补足语一般应放在宾语之后，但如果宾语过长，则应将其移至宾语之前，结构为：动词＋宾语补足语＋宾语。例如：
Tom made clear his whole-hearted support to the project．
4．表语的前置
如果主语较长或主语结构较复杂，有时将表语置于句首，引起倒装。例如：
Satisfied indeed are those who get position promotion．
有时为使上下文联系紧密而把表语移至句首引起倒装。例如：
An atom is made up like a solar system．In the center is something like our sun ofgreat mass-the nucleus．
5．定语的前置
当从句、不定式或介词短语等作定语修饰主语时，通常紧跟在主语之后，但如果定语成分过长，应将其放在谓语动词之后，以使主语和谓语靠近，其结构为：主语＋谓语＋定语。例如：
The time had come for my sister to have a serious talk with her boyfriend．
6．状语的前置
最通常引起倒装的是某些状语的前置。这里有两种情况：一种是全部倒装，即整个谓语置于主语之前；另一种是局部倒装，即仅将助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。引起倒装的前置状语大体可分为下列几种情况：
1）当表示地点的副词或介词短语作句首状语时，常引起全部倒装。例如：
From the valley came a frightening sound．
Here comes the bus．
2）never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时，大多数情况下会引起主谓语序的倒装。常见的这
类词或词组有never，seldom， rarely，no sooner，not only．．．but（also）等。例如：
Never have women received so much equal rights available as today．
No sooner had he begun to speak than I sensed that something was wrong．
3）句首状语由only ＋副词／介词短语或only ＋状语从句构成时，也可引起倒装。例如：
Only once have she gone there．
Only under special circumstances are people permitted to enter this room．
Only when you have mastered some basic language knowledge can you communicate correctly．
如果only修饰的是句子的主语，则不必用倒装。例如：
Only freshmen are permitted to take part in the English contest．
4）当状语结构"so＋副词"前置时，通常引起局部倒装。例如：
So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus．
5）当频度状语和方式状语等移至句首时，有时也引起倒装。例如：
Many a time has teacher given me good advice．
Thus began peaceful times between the two countries．
6）虚拟结构中的条件从句省去if时，were，had和 should要移至主语之前，引起倒装。例如：
Had they time，they would certainly come and helpus．
Were he to tell us everything，we could try to solve his problem．
Exercises：
1．Under the big tree________of six years old．
a．sat a little girl b．did a little girl sat
c．a little girl was sitting d．a little girl sat
2．Only after being advised several times，________to apologize to us．
a．then he began b．did he begin
c．he could tell d．he began
3．Not until yesterday morning________raining．
a．it had stopped b．had it stopped
c．it stopped d．it did stop
4．So rich_________that he has money to travel around the world．
a．he was b．he isc．is he d．was he
5．"What did you do yesterday ？________"
a．the man askedb．asked the man
c．did the man askd．both a and b
Answers：1．a 2．b 3．b 4．c 5．d
- 考试辅导
