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将来完成时

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2001年6月四级测试题第31题是:By the time he arrives in Beijing,we_______here for two days.
A)will have stayedC)have been stayingB)shall stay D)have stayed
 [分析]本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是:"等他到达北京的时候,我们将在这里(已经)呆了两天。"句中by the time he arrives等他(将要)到达北京的时候,表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻,要用将来完成时,因此答案是A。
 [注意事项]由于这种时态我们汉语中没有,如果按照英文字面翻译,有些不合乎我们的习惯,所以,这种时态的译文往往是取其一种时态,或是将来时,或是完成时。同学们受语言的负迁移影响,在选择时常常受母语的干扰,选错答案。下文就这一内容做一总结:
 [形式]将来完成时的肯定式为will have done;否定式为won't have done;被动语态为will have been done。
 [用法]表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。
 [常用时间状语]by the end of this year到今年年底;by then到那时;by this time next year到明年的这个时候;by the time后接一个谓语动词为一般现在时的定语从句(实际上是表示将来的时间)等等。
 [例句]
How many words shall we have learned by the end of the term?到期末时,我们将/已经学会多少单词?
You needn't hurry me.I will have finished it by the time you are ready.你不必催我。等你准备好时我将/已经做完了。
下面五题为历届全真试题,同学们不妨做一做,以便加深印象。
 [练习]
My train arrives in New York at eight o'clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there________by then.
A)would leaveC)has left B)willhave leftD)had left
99/1/47B
 [译文]我乘坐的火车今晚八点到达纽约。到那时,我想在那儿搭乘的飞机将已经离开。
The conference________a full week by the time it ends.
A)must have lasted C)would last B)will have lasted D)has lasted
1997/1/22B
 [译文]这次会议至结束将持续整整一个星期。
By the end of the year all but two people________.
A)have leftC)will be leaving B)will leave D)will have left
1994/1/42D
 [译文]到今年年底,除两人外,其他所有人都将已离去。
By the end of this month,we surely_______a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A)have foundC)will have foundB)will be findingD)are finding
1993/6/45C
 [译文]在月底之前,我们一定将会找到解决问题的满意方法。
Pick me up at 8 o'clock.I________my bath by then.
A)will have had C)can have hadB)will be havingD)may have
1992/1/67A
 [译文]你八点来接我吧。到那时我就已经洗完澡了。
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