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非谓语动词问答

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1.问:It's important for you to go there in person.
It's wise of you to turn down the proposal.
上面两句中介词for和of的使用有何规律?
答:it作形式主语时,后面常有for或of来引导不定式的逻辑主语。其使用规律是:看句中的表语形容词着重说明人(逻辑主语),还是事(不定式短语)。若是前者,则用of;若是后者,则用for。of前的形容词通常是描述人的智力、品德、行为表现等,常见的有:brave,careful,clever,honest,kind,wise,crazy,silly等。上面两句可分别译为:
你亲自去那儿很重要。
你拒绝这一建议很明智。
2.问:People appreciate with him because he has a good sense of humor.
A)to work B)to have worked C)working D)having worked
(CET-498.1-27)
There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means trouble.
A)making B)to make C)to have made D)having made
(CET-497.1-25)
上面两题答案分别为:C)和B)。请说明原因。
答:这类题涉及不定式短语和动名词短语作宾语时的固定搭配。英语里有些动词只能用不定式作宾语,有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。
只能用不定式作宾语的动词有:ask,decide,determine,expect,hoplong,manage,plan,refuse,tend,wish 等。
只能用动名词作宾语的动词有:acknowledge,appreciate,avoid,delany,enjoy,escape,include,mind,mipardon,postpone,practise。
3.问:I remember spending many happy days on the beach.滩度过许多愉快的日子。这句中的 spending为何不可用to spend代替?
答:remember跟动名词表示已发生的动作;跟不定式表示要发生的动作。类似的动词还有forget,regret等。
4.问:They plan to build a shopping center here.
He confessed to having stolen my money.
上面两句中的to有何区别?
答:第一句中的to是不定式符号,第二句中的to是介词。不定式在英语中的使用范围很广,而动词+介词to或动词+名词/代词/副词/动词-ed+介词to组成的动词短语是有限的,平日应该熟记。常见的带介词to的动词短语有:adapt oneself to,attend to,be accustomed,give rise to,face up to,object to resort to等。
5.问:The international law of the Sea Conference is an attempt resolving(A) major differences(B) among countries with(C) conflicting(D) interests.
本题错在何处?
答:A错。应改为to resolve。英语中有些动词后常跟不定式,它们的同源名词也常用不定式作定语。常见的这类词有:attempt,failure,inclination,neeplan,promise,resolution,tendency等。
6.问:"Has John gone to the library to borrow the dictionary?"
"No,but ."
A)he is going to borrow
)he is going to
C)he is going
D)he is to go
上题的答案为什么是B)?
答:本题考查不定式的省略。为了避免重复,不定式中与前面重复的那个动词(短语)可以省略,只保留to。
7.问:After two days'fighting the enemy troops were made their arms.
A)to put down B)put down
C)to have put down D)to be putting down
既然make是使役动词,上题为什么不选B),而选A)?
答:当不定式作使役动词have,let, make及感官动词feel,listen to,look at,等的宾语补足语时,不定式符号to要省略。但以上动词用于被动语态,即不定式作主语补足语时,to要保留。
8.问:动名词短语可以带自己的逻辑主语,这种逻辑主语的形式是怎样的?
答:如果在句子的开头,这种逻辑主语须用形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格。如:
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.-他们来支援对我们是很大的鼓舞。
Mary's grumbling annoyed him.的嘟嘟囔囔使他很烦。
如果不是在句子的开头,这种逻辑主语除了用上述两种形式外,还可以用人称代词的宾格或名词的普通格。使用后者更自然一些。如:
I don't mind him going.他去我没意见。
She hates people losing their tempers.。
9.问:动名词(短语)作主语,可用于三类结构,请举例说明。
答:(1)直接将动名词(短语)放在句首作主语,谓语动词用单数。如:
Talking mends no holes.。(谚)
Climbing the mountain seems to be hopeless,for it's raining hard.爬山看来没希望了,因为雨下得很大。
 (2)用it作形式主语,将动名词(短语)移至后面。
常用于这一结构的名词(短语)有:a waste of time,an awful job, no use,not an easy task,such a pity等。如:
It's a waste of time talking with them 和他们谈话是浪费时间
常用于这一结构的形容词有:better,enjoyable,good,hard,等。如:
It's so nice sitting here with you.。
(3)用于there be句型中。如:
There is no use your arguing with him.。
There is no denying the fact that the new method has greatly raised labor productivity.率。
10.问:He was very much surprised at the surprising sight.上句中的现在分词和过去分词有何区别?
答:现在分词一般作"正在……的"或"令人……的"解,或有主动的含义;过去分词作"已……了的"或"感到……的"解,或有被动的含义。
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