|| 您当前的位置:首页 > 综合资讯

动名词的语法特征及用法

来源:  作者:admin  (查看评论)
动名词由动词加-ing词尾构成,既有名词的特征,又有动词的特征。了解动名词的语法特征可帮助学习者深入理解动名词的意义,从而正确使用动名词。

一、动名词的名词特征

动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用,作主语、宾语、表语、定语。例如:
Beating a child will do more harm than good.打孩子弊大于利。(作主语)
Do you mind answering my question?你不介意回答我的问题吧?(作宾语)
To keep money that you have found is stealing.把拾到的钱留起来是偷盗行为。(作表语)
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.阅览室里不许大声说话。(作定语)
在动名词担任这些句子成分时,学习者需注意的是:

1、有些动词后只能用动名词作宾语,构成固定搭配,需特别记忆。常见的这类动词有:admit(承认),advise(建议),allow(允许), appreciate(感激),avoid(避免),can't help(禁不住),consider(考虑),deny(否认),dislike(不喜欢),enjoy(喜欢),escape(逃脱),excuse(原谅),feel like(想要),finish(结束),give up(放弃),imagine(想象),involve(包含),keep(保持),mind(介意),miss(错过),permit(允许),practise(练习),quit(停止),recollect(记得),recommend(推荐),suggest(建议),stop(停止),resent(对……感到愤恨、怨恨),risk(冒……危险),cannot stand(受不了)等。例如:
We do not permit smoking in the office.我们不允许在办公室吸烟。

In fighting the fire,he risked being burnt to death.在救火中,他冒着被烧死的危险。
She denied having stolen anything.她否认偷过任何东西。

I suggest doing it in a different way.我建议换一个方法做这件事。

2、动名词常用于一些固定句型中,常见的有:It is no use /no good...;It is a waste oftime...;It is fun /nice /good...;There isno...(不可以/不可能……)等。例如:
It is no use asking him.He doesn't know any more than you do.
问他也没用,他并不比你知道得更多。
It's no fun being lost in rain.在雨中迷路可不是好玩的。
It's a waste of time your reasoning with him.你和他讲道理是在浪费时间。
There is no joking about such matter.对这样的事不可开玩笑。
There is no getting along with him.简直无法与他相处。

二、动名词的动词特征

由于动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。动名词的动词特征主要表现在以下几点:
1、动名词可带状语,如果是及物动词,需跟宾语。例如:
It was obvious that he was trying to avoid answering that question.
显然他在试图避免回答那个问题。(跟宾语)
Reading without thorough comprehension is no good.
没有透彻理解地阅读是无用的。(跟状语)
Getting a job in a large city in Japan is very difficult.
在日本的大城市获得一份工作是很难的。(既跟宾语又跟状语)

2、动名词可具有时态意义
动名词可以像动词那样表现时态意义,有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)之分。动名词的时态意义是一个相对的概念,从属于句中谓语动词。一般式表示动名词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生,或表示一般性动作,没有时间概念;完成式表示动名词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。例如:
She is proud of being beautiful.她为自己的美丽而骄傲。(同时)
I am thinking of going to the Industrial Exhibition this afternoon.
我想下午去看工业展览。(在其后)
I prefer making an outline before I do my oral composition.
我喜欢在做口语作文之前先写一个提纲。(一般情况)
I apologize for not having kept my promise.
我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。(之前发生)
He was praised for having made such a contribution to the country.
他因对国家做了这样大的贡献而受到表扬。(之前发生)

3、动名词可具有语态意义
如果动名词与句中的逻辑主语构成被动关系,即逻辑主语接受动名词的动作,需用其被动形式(being done,having been done)。例如:
They couldn't stand being treated like that.他们无法忍受这样的待遇。(与其逻辑主语They构成被动关系,比较:They are treated like that.)
I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.我听说他被选为那个队的教练。(与其逻辑主语his构成被动关系,比较:He was chosen to be the coach of the team.)
Nowadays being killed in traffic accidents is a common occurrence.当今在交通事故中丧生是 常发生的事。(其逻辑主语泛指people,与之构成被动关系,比较:It is common that people are killed in traffic accidents.)
但是在want,need,require,deserve等动词之后作宾语时,常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义,但如果用不定式则用被动式。例如:
The flowers in the garden want watering.花园里的花需要浇水了。(比较:The flowers in the garden want to be watered.)
That's one of those questions that really don't need answering.那是一个那种真的不需回答的问题。(比较:The questions don't need to be answered.)

4、动名词可带有自己的逻辑主语
一般情况下,动名词的逻辑主语可泛指任何人或与句中主语一致。例如:
He could not bear being made fun of like that.他受不了别人拿他那么开玩笑。(逻辑主语为句子的主语He)
I don't remember having ever promised you that.我不记得曾经答应过你这件事。(逻辑主语为句子的主语I)
Working in these conditions is no easy job.在这样的条件下工作是不容易的。(泛指)
考试辅导
最近更新内容
Google广告