虚拟语气讲座

(5)、 He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马，否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(暗含条件是连词or)
(6)、 Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。(暗含条件是alone)
2. 条件暗含在上下文中。如：
(7)、 You might stay her forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to)
(8) 、We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。(可能暗含if we had kept trying)
(9) 、Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。(可能暗含if you should accept it)
(10) 、I would appreciate a little of your time. 谢谢你给我一点时间吧。(可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)
3. 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：
(11) 、You wouldn't know. 你不会知道。
(12) 、I would like to come. 我愿意来。
(13) 、I wouldn't have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的。
(14) 、He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样。
五、条件从句中省略if 采用倒装语序的情况
1、在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。
例如：
1). 原句：If she were younger, she would do it.
去If：Were she younger, she would do it. (把动词were移到主语she的前面)
2). 原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it.
去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面)
3).Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.
4).Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
5).Were I in your place, I wouldn't do that.
6).Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.
假如我看了那部电影，昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。
7).Were I a bird, I could fly freely.
假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。
8).Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest.
要是下周能下雨的话，农民们就能有个好收成了。
2、如果虚拟条件句中有were, had或should时，把它们放在if的位置上；但是如果条件句中没有were, had或should不能用倒装。例如：
⑴、Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do?　要是明天下雨的话，我们怎么办呢？
⑵、Were I you, I would have asked him for some advice.要是我是你的话，我就向他请教了。
⑶、Were he to do this work by himself, he would get a lot of money.如果他自己能够做此工作，他就会得到一些钱。
3、在"开放式条件句"(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下，如果if省略，动词be与主语的位置要倒装。如：
⑴、If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有权起诉。)
Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.
⑵、Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错，我都会支持她的。)
Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.
⑶、____ ,I will take her as my wife.
［A］Were she rich or poor
［B］Being rich or poor
［C］Be she poor or rich
［D］Whether is she poor or rich
4、注意：有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。
⑴、We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
⑵、Without you help, I wouldn't have achieved so much.
⑶、But for your help, I would not have succeeded.
六、有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个：
1. I could help you. (只有主句）
2. If I had time. (只有从句）
3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句)
4. If he had much more money. (只有从句)
第二节：其他形式的条件句中的虚拟语气
一、用"without/but for/in the absence of "表示"要不是"，"如果没有"（相当于if it were not
for…）表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。（也可用陈述语气）
Without your help, I couldn' t finish my work on time.
In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.
二、由"providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order
that"引导的条件从句或目的从句，根据情况，可用虚拟语气。（有时也可用陈述语气）
They are willing surrender provided they are given free passage.
三、用without / but for / in the absence of 表示"要不是"、"如果没有"，表示条件虚拟句：
(1). Without air, nothing could live.要是没有空气，什么也不能生存。
(2). But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的帮忙，我们是难有成就的。
(3). In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.如果没有水和空气，什么也不能生存。
第五部分：其他几种情况下的虚拟语气
第一节：虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用
虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中，谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同
1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：
(1) .He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.他感到仿佛唯独他要对发生的一切负责。
(2). He acts as if he were / was a TV expert.他做起事来好象是个电视专家。