语法试题的干扰项分析和答题技巧

How disappointed he felt at the result of the election. (他感到失望)
How disappointing he is. He should have failed in such an election. (他令人失望）
可接表语的系动词很多，除be外还有remain, feel, look, appear, seem, get, become, go。
(3)做补足语
一般做宾补的非谓语动词动词的形式选择与其它成分中的非谓语动词形式选择规则基本相同。 doing结构：分词与宾语构成主谓关系，表正在进行。
When I caught him ____ me I stopped buying things there and
started dealing with another shop.
A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating
done结构：分词与宾语构成动宾关系，表示被动与完成。
Don't get your schedule _____;stay with us in this class.(1996.1)
A. to change B. changing C. changed D. change
to do 结构：不定式表示将来，如wish somebody to do, expect somebody to do, arrange for somebody to do等等。
being done结构：表示被动和正在进行, watch the flag being raised
Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe
until Columbus found it _____ in Cuba.(2000.1)
A. being cultivated B. been cultivated
C. having cultivated D. cultivating
to be done结构：用语表示将来与被动，一般用语主谓关系时可用to做宾补的动词后，如：want something to be done, order something to be done 完成形式不能做宾补。
4） 注意分析非谓语动词做什么状语
不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，如表示目的只能是不定式，另外，测试中也常有选择非谓语动词前连词的试题。因此，同学们应注意根据状语与句子间的关系，判断连词的使用。
5） 注意不定式的特殊句式
不定式在做定语和做状语时都有其特殊句式，注意这些句式的特点，考试中就会少走一点弯路。如：
have something to do类：
这类结构相当于汉语的连动结构，即"有事要做"，"买东西吃"，"借书看"等。
a room in which to live类：
该类结构是a room to live in 的变体。但如果不熟悉这个结构，考试中则难以决断。如：
You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _____ to suspend your tent.(1998.1)
A. there B. them C. which D. where
The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his arguments in favor of the new theory.(2000.6)
A. to be based on B. to base on C. which to base on D. on which to base
the first to do
该结构表示如果名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或序数词、最高级本身做名词用，其后应不定式做定语。
the ability to do
该结构表示，形容词变了的名词后用不定式做定语。
the need to do
该结构表示由动词变来的名词后用不定式做定语。
the way to do
该结构表示，在一些特定的名词后面常用不定式做定语，应注意记忆，如means, reason, time, pressure, moment。
6） 熟记固定搭配，分清不定式与to加动名词
其实容易产生不定式符号与介词混淆的只是为数不多的某些句式，只要平时注意积累即可。
prefer doing something to doing something
look forward to doing something
be used to doing something (习惯于做某事)
stick to doing something
object to doing something/ have objection to doing something
be opposed to doing something
admit/confess to doing something
I have no objection _____ your story again.(2000.6)
A. to hear B. to hearing C. to having heard D. to have heard
The man in the corner confessed to ________ a lie to the manager of the company.
A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told
从出题人的心理来看，如果有to do something和 to doing something的对比项，一般答案是to doing something。
7） 分清宾补的类别
(1)感官动词后的宾补可以是
doing, do, done, being done的结构，其中being done 只用于少数动词后面， 如find, smell, feel等。
(2)have somebody do something 让某人做某事
have somebody doing something 让某人一直做某事
won't have somebody do something 不许某人做某事
have something done 使某事被做
have something + ving 让……一直……
(3)catch,smell,keep,set,等只能接doing的结构,表示主动和正在进行。
(4)leave somebody doing something 让某人一直做某事
leave something undone 使某事只做了一半
leave something to be done 事情有待于解决
leave somebody to do something让某事做某事，表示将来
(5)with somebody to do something宾补与宾语是主谓关系，表示将来。
with somebody doing something 宾补与宾语之间是主谓关系，表示正在进行。
with something to do 宾补与宾语间是动宾关系，表示将来，动作执行者在句中找的着。
with something to be done宾补与宾语是动宾关系，表示将来，但动作执行者在句中找不着。
with something done 宾补与宾语之间是动宾关系，表示完成。
8） 注意下列结构中非谓语动词的体
pretend/appear/seem/happen/ be said to do something
不定式动作一般为状态动词，也可是终止性动词，表示与谓语动词同时存在或发生。
pretend/appear/seem/happen/ be said to have done something
不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。
pretend/appear/seem/happen/ be said to be doing something
不定式动作与谓语动词同时进行
9)熟记哪些动词后接不定式,哪些接动名词,如果两者都可，又有什么差别。
既可接不定式,又可接动名词,用法有别的动词常考的有: forget,remember, regret, mean, try等。
10）注意want/need/require表示"需要"时的特殊句式
want/need/require表"需要"时，后接主动的动名词或被动的不定式，即doing 或to be done的形式。不可混淆。