语法试题的干扰项分析和答题技巧

have, make, let, leave等特殊单词后的宾语补足语。
regard类后面的宾语补足语
with独立分句后面的
常用动词后面的宾语补足语。
6) 做表语的非谓语动词的选择
表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择，很少有动名词的用法的考查，虽然选项中有不定式作为干扰项，只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如：
① The house was very quiet, ____ as it was on the side of the
mountain.(1999.6)
A. isolated B. isolating C. being isolated D. having been isolated
② These surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them.(2000.6)
A. unrecorded B. to be unrecorded C. unrecording D. to have been unrecorded
分词做表语可以做系动词be的表语，也可以做其它系动词的表语，如go, feel,seem, look, remain等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的饿用法规则是相同的。
7) to作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择
to可以是介词，也可以用来引导不定式，四级考试中对种类用法的考查也比较多。如：
① I have no objection _______ your story again.(2000.6)
A. to hear B. to hearing C. to having heard D. to have heard
② The traditional approach ____ with complex problems is to break down into smaller, more easily managed problems.(1996.6)
A. to dealing B. in dealing C. dealing D. to deal
③ The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager
of the company.(1997.6)
A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told
这类考题的考查方式有两种，一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项to do something 和 to doing something，这时考查的自然是to的性质；另一种是to在题干中，如③。
8) 分词前连词的使用
分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了，使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况
(1)根据连词选择适当的分词形式
Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.(1995.1)
A. scolding B. to scold C. having scolded D. scolded
when的使用说明非谓语动词做时间状语，答案不可能是B，从scold与句子主语间的逻辑关系来看，应该是动宾关系，答案应该是D。
(2)根据状语的功能选择不同的连词
Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of
patient do not take drugs ___ directed.(1996.1)
A. like B. so C. which D. as
由上下文的意思可以看出，分词所做的是方式状语，连词应该是as。
9) 非谓语动词的体
非谓语动词中分词的体有完成体和进行体，即having done, having been done和being done，完成体只用于做状语的场合，而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。
动名词的体也有having done, having been done和 being done的结构主要用于做主语和宾语的场合。
不定式的体有to be doing 和to have done，主要用于pretend, happen, seem, appear, be said to等结构中。如：
① The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.(1997.6)
A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told
having told在句中做介词宾语，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。
② I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem ____ all the time.(1997.1)
A. to get worse B. to be getting worse C. to have got worse D. getting worse
从all the time的使用可以推断get worse是一个渐变过程，所以用不定式的进行体。
③ The speech _____ a lively discussion started.(1995.1)
A. being delivered B. was delivered C. be delivered D. having been delivered
该结构属于独立主格结构做时间状语，状语分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，所以应该用完成体，答案为D。
10）动名词复合结构
动名词符合结构可以做主语、宾语和表语，在对动名词的考查中总是将其逻辑主语包括进来，形成动名词的复合结构：
① _____ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents
wished for.(1999.1)
A. The girl was educated B. The girl educated
C. The girl's being educated D. The girl to be educated
本题涉及题眼比较多，A，为从句做主语，但缺少that，D为不定式做主语，但缺少for(for the girl to be educated)，B结构不能做主语，答案是C，为动名词的复合结构。
② Ann never dreams of _____ for her to be sent abroad very soon.
A. there being a chance B. there to be a chance
C. there be a chance D. being a chance
介词后用动名词，表示存在时必须用there be句型，所以答案为A，这也是动名词复合结构，there为动名词的逻辑主语。
③ I don't mind _____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making B. your delaying making
C. you delaying to make D. you delay to make (2000.1)
Mind要求接动名词,动名词的逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词，答案自然是B。
④ I would appreciate _____ it a secret.(1995.6)
A. your keeping B. you to keep C. that you keep D. that you will keep
本题与上一题类似，答案是A。
2．非谓语动词解题策略
1）正确判断非谓语动词
这类题一般出现在独立主格结构中，如果在选项与句子之间没有连词，则说明，所选为独立主格结构，既名词或主格代词 + 分词。
All things ______, the planned trip will have to be called off.
A. considered B. be considered C. considering D. having considered (1998.6)
句子没有连词，说明所选结构不属于从句，那么就是独立主格做状语，根据动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系为动宾关系，答案应该是A。
____, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.(1997.6)