例2.In recent years much more emphasis has been put _______ developing the students' productive skills.(2001.6/39)
A)over B)onto C)in D)on
【译文】最近几年特别注重培养学生的生产技能。
【解析】短语动词搭配。A)put over放在……之上,使转向;B)put onto无此搭配;C) put in花费,付出(时间、精力等);e.g.Thank you for all the hard work you've put in.谢谢你为此所付出的一切努力。D)put on穿上,上演,增加,强调,答案为D)。
2)不同的动词加同一介词、副词
例1.Eating too much fat can _______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.(2001.6/55)
A)contribute to
B)attribute to
C)attend to
D)devote to
【译文】食用太多脂肪会导致心脏病和高血压。
【解析】短语动词辨异。A)contribute to起……作用,有助于,答案为A)。B)attribute to归因于,归咎于,认为……是某人所有;C)attend to专注,注意,照顾,护理;e.g.attend to the wounded day and night日夜护理伤员;
D)devote to把……奉献给……;e.g.devote oneself to献身于,致力于,专心于。
例2.This article _______ more attention to the problem of cultural interference in foreign language teaching and learning.(2001.6/57)
A)calls for
B)applies for
C)cares for
D)allows for
【译文】这篇文章呼吁人们更多地关注外语教学中涉及到的文化干扰的问题。
【解析】短语动词辨异。A)call for需要,要求,提倡,答案为A)。B)apply for申请;C) care for关心,担心,计较,照顾,喜欢;D)allowfor考虑到,体谅,e.g.It takes about an hour to get there,allowing for possible traffic delays.把路上可能的耽搁算进去,大约一小时可到那里。
3)不同的动词加不同的介词、副词
例.There was a big hole in the road which _______ the traffic.(2002.1/46)
A)set back
B)stood back
C)held up
D)kept down
【译文】路上有一个大洞影响了交通。
【解析】短语动词辨析。A)set back耽搁/延误(某事物的进展时间);B)stood back退后;
C)held up阻碍/延误(某事物),答案为C)。D)kept down隐蔽,不站立。
4)动词加名词/代词或加形容词或介词
例.Extensive reporting on television has helped to _______ interest in a wide variety of sports and activities.(2001.6/53)
A)gather
B)generate
C)assemble
D)yield
【译文】电视的广泛报道有助于使人们对各种各样的体育及活动产生兴趣。
【解析】A)gather vt./vi.聚集,集合;收集,采集;B)generate vt.产生,使发生;符合句意,答案为B)。C)assemble vt./vi.集合,聚集,装配;D)yield vt.出产,生产出;vi.yield to向……让步(屈服)。
2.以名词或代词为中心词的短语
例.These books,which you can get at any bookshop,will give you _______ you need.(2000.6/22)
A)all of information
B)all of the informations
C)all the informations
D)all the information
【译文】你可以从这些在任何书店都可买到的书中得到你需要的全部信息。
【解析】该题考查考生对"all"的用法掌握情况。"all"既可用于复数名词或不可数名词前,也可用于代词前,还可用作副词,表示"全部,所有;一切或完全"等。"all"与复数名词或不可数名词连用时,可分别用the,this,that, these,those,my,his,her等。如:all horses,all the people,all my friends,all wood,all the fun等。但"all"用作代词时,必须用all of the(my、his)+复数名词或不可数名词。又因information是不可数名词,所以D)项正确。若A)项中的 information前有定冠词the,A)项也不错。
3.以形容词为中心词的短语
例.If this kind of fish becomes _______ , future generations may never taste it at all.(2001.1/62)
A)scarce
B)minimum
C)short
D)seldom
【译文】如果这种鱼变得稀有,我们的后代可能再也尝不到它的味道了。
【解析】A)scarce a.稀少的,缺乏的,答案为A)。B)minimum a.最小的,最低的;C) short a.短的,矮的;D)seldom ad.不常,很少。
4.介词短语
例1.Reading _______ the lines,I would say that the Government are more worried than they will admit.(2002.1/57)
A)behindB)between C)along D)among
【译文】体会字里行间的言外之意,我认为政府实际上比他们所承认的要更加忧虑。
【解析】固定短语。read between the lines意为"体会字里行间的言外之意"(find more meaning than the words appear to express), e.g.You know you have to read"between the lines"to get the most out of anything.
例2.The older New England villages have changed relatively little _______ a gas station or two in recent decades.(2001.6/51)
A)except
B)besides
C)in addition to
D)except for
【译文】除添了一两座加油站以外,那些古老的新英格兰村庄在数十年中几乎没有什么变化。
【解析】介词辨异。A)except除……之外(将一个或几个人或物从同一类或普通的种类中除去;其后接名词、代词、副词、介词短词、不定式(短词)或wh-从句);B)besides除……之外,尚有……,外加……;C)in addition to除……之外;D)except for除……之外(说明整个基本情况后,对细节加以纠正;其后一般接名词),答案为D)。