一、概说
英语主要有三种构词法：
1）转化（Conversion）：由一个词类转化为另一词类：water（名）水-- water（动）浇水
2）派生（Derivation）：通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词：happy--unhappy（加前缀）
3）合成（Compounding）：由两个或更多的词合成一个词：wood（木）+cut（刻）--woodcut（木刻）
除此之外还有一些次要的构词法。
二、转化
有大量动词可以转化为名词，有时意思没有太大变化：
Let me have a try. 我来试一试。
We stopped there for a swim. 我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。
This is for winter wear. Don't make it to tight. 这是冬天穿的，别做的太紧。
I like a quiet read after supper. 晚饭后我喜欢静静地看一会儿书。
这类名词常可和一动词构成短语，表示一个动作，如：
have a look (chat, talk, wash, swim, rest, try, quarrel, smoke, lie, read, dream, run, fight, walk, ride, drink, laugh, dance, bathe, wish, win, fear, love, shave, debate, dipute, interview, taste, etc.)
make a study (guess, visit, call, survey, jump, slip, change, search, stay, start, answer, reply, remark, fight, arrest, appeal, purchase, sacrifice, demand, show, deal, an attempt, an attack, an advance, etc.)
有时意思有一定的变化：
He was about the same build as his brother. 他的体形和他哥哥差不多。
Last year's catch was four times that of 1986. 去年的捕鱼量为1986年的四倍。
This was a decisive move. 这是一个决定性的步骤。
They can be used as stock feed. 它们可以用作牲口饲料。
Women have an equal say in everything. 妇女在各方面都有同等的发言权。
He won two games; the other two were draws. 他赢了两局，另外两局打平了。
构词法-转化（2）
也有相当多名词可以用作动词。许多表示物件的名词可以用作动词来表示动作：
Have you booked your ticket? 你的票订好了吗？
Who chaired the meeting? 谁主持会议？
He pinned great hopes on us. 他对我们寄托了很大希望。
It can seat a thousand people. 它能坐一千人。
We have mapped out plans for their utilization. 我们制定了使用它们的计划。
It pictures the life of overseas Chinese students. 它描绘海外中国留学生的生活。
He hurriedly pencilled the time on it. 他匆忙（用铅笔）在上面写下了时间。
By noon he had bagged three hares. 到中午时他已捕获了三只野兔。
The machine bottles 15000 jars of cold cream a day. 这台机器一天能装一万五千瓶冷霜。
The money was all pocked by corrupt officials. 这钱都进了腐败官吏的腰包。
He hammered a nail into the wall. 他在墙上钉了一只钉子。
一些表示身体某部分的名词也可用来作动词：
Hand in your exercise-books, please. 请把练习本交上来。
We'll back you up. 我们将作你们的后盾。
Who headed the delegation? 谁任代表团团长？
We should shoulder these responsibilities. 我们应当负起这些责任来。
She fingered the silk gently. 她轻轻地抚摩着这块缎子。
Soon the seedings shot up and began to ear. 秧苗很快长起来，并开始抽穗。
I'm never interested in nosing out the details of someone else's private life. 我从不喜欢探听别人私生活的细节。
They eyed him with suspicion. 他们带着怀疑的目光注视着他。
一些表示某类人的名词也可用作动词：
If so, we shall be badly fooled. 如果这样我们就会上大当。
He insisted on staying up to nurse the child. 他坚持不睡觉来护理这个小孩。
We were hosted by members of the embassy. 我们受到大使馆成员的款待。
Our aim is to save the patient and not to doctor him to death. 我们的目的是把他的病治好，而不是把他治死。
The equipment was manned by three workers per shift. 这个设备每一班由三个工人操作。
He has soldiered in France in his youth. 他年轻时在法国当过兵。
The army was officed by brave man. 这支军队由勇敢的人担任军官。
He fathered many inventions. 他有过许多发明。
一些表示其他实物的名词也可用作动词：
Each apartment can house a family of six. 每套房间可以住一户六口之家。
I hope we can room together. 我希望我们能住同一个房间。
This helped to bridge over our difficulties. 这帮助我们度过了困难。
They flowered well but bore little fruit. 它们花开得很好，但果结的不多。
He floored the room. 他给房间装上地板。
We manured the soil before sowing. 播种前我们先施底肥。
An aeroplane was used to dust insecticide. 使用了一架飞机来喷洒杀虫剂。
We decided to dam the river. 我们决定筑一道拦河坝。
He is busy oiling the bicycle. 他忙着给自行车上油。
He wolfed down three great bowls of rice. 他狼吞虎咽吃了三大碗饭。
The pill is coated with sugar. 药丸外面包有糖衣。
Executives, workers and technicians team up. 行政人员、工人和技术人员组织在一起干。
此外，还有一些抽象名词等可用作动词：
Where do swallows winter? 燕子在哪里过冬？
We summered by Lake Geneva. 我们在日内瓦湖畔度过夏天。
For six days and nights they battled to save his life. 他们苦战了六昼夜来抢救他的生命。
Through my childhood, I had hungered for education. 我从小就盼望上学。
This so angered us that we beat him up. 这使我们气愤得把他痛打了一顿。
The actual labor force numbered 12000. 实际劳动力有一万两千。
They breakfasted (lunched) at the guesthouse. 他们在宾馆吃了早饭（午饭）。
Over 1000 students stormed into the Senate building. 一千多学生冲进了参议院大楼。
- 考试辅导
