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英语名词单复词义辨析

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数(Number)是个语法范畴,是数量概念的语法表现。具体说来,英语名词的数指名词的单、复数形式。名词的最基本类别是可数名词(Countable)和不可数名词(Uncountable)。可数名词通常有单复数形式;不可数名词一般没有单复数之分。而在语言的实际运用中,我们常常发现,有些可数名词的复数形式与其相对应的单数名词在词义表达上意义迥然不同,大大超越了"数量变化"带来的差别;有些不可数名词有时也以复数形式出现,但它们的词义却完全不同。下面就这一类词进行词义辨析,以馈读者。
1.age(年龄,成年),ages(很长一段时期,时代)
Children usually begin school at the age of six.儿童一般6岁上学。
He is under age.他未成年。
We haven't seen each other for ages.我们彼此长时期未见。
Our ancestors lived on hunting in the primitive ages.祖先们在原始时代靠打猎为生。
2.eye(观察力,注意力,眼睛的某种表情、样子),eyes(眼睛)
Nothing escaped his eye.他观察到一切。
He has a quick eye for mistakes.他敏于发现错误。
How his eye is lit up with a proud joy!他发亮的目光显得多么得意洋洋!
The girl's eyes filled with tears.女孩的眼睛充满了泪水。
3.time(时间,时刻,时节),times(时代,日子,时势)
Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不等人。
What time do you get up?你几点起床?
The times are different.时代不同了。
What wonderful times we live in!我们生活在多么了不起的时代啊!
4.afterward,afterwards(以后,编后记):英国人只用afterwards,美国人 afterwards和afterward通用。
They lived happily ever afterwards.以后他们一直幸福地生活着。
She will come afterward.她随后会来的。(美式用法)
5.manner(方式,态度),manners(礼貌,风俗)
Please decorate the wedding room in a European manner.请用欧洲风格装饰新房。
My father's manner showed his frankness.我父亲的态度说明了他的坦率。
Our guests have manner as well as good manners.我们的客人不但很有礼貌而且举止大方。
My friend wants to read a novel of manners.我的朋友想看一本社会风俗小说。
6.custom(习惯,风俗),customs(海关,关税)
It is the custom of certain foreigners to doso.这种做法是某些外国人的习惯。
How long will it take us to pass the customs?办完海关手续要多长时间?
7.paper(纸),papers(论文,考卷,文件)
I need a blank sheet of paper to write a letter.我需要一张白纸写封信。
The teacher hopes to read our term papers soon.老师希望早日读到我们的学年论文。
I'm very busy with correcting the papers.我正忙于阅卷。
8.look(看,脸色,神态),looks(外貌,面容)
I'd like to go and have a look at them.我要去看一看他们。
A serious look passed over his face.他脸上显出一副严肃的神色。
Don't judge a man by his looks.不要凭容貌来判断一个人。
Film stars usually have good looks.影星通常都有好的相貌。
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