4 结 论
4.1 双侧侧块关节和前方的椎体、间盘结构共同构成了颈椎稳定的基本框架。以上结构的破坏即意味着颈椎稳定性的破坏。
4.2 颈后路内固定技术正在被越来越广泛地应用,术式可概括为两类:一是钢丝捆绑式内固定,二是经侧块钢板、螺钉内固定,其中后者具有 更广泛的用途。
4.3 经侧块钢板螺钉内固定术,其进钉部位和角度各有不同,有代表性的为R oy-Camille和Magerl两种方法,后者稳定性更好,手术对神经根,椎动脉,小关节损伤的发生率与术者的熟练程度有关。
4.4 经椎弓根内固定技术的可行性,已有实验论证,并已初步用于临床。由于经侧块内固定已能达到满意的固定,因此是否有必要采用经椎弓根内固定尚待论证。此外二者的手术危险性尚未比较。
4.5 检索5年的中外文资料,未见有关侧块的详尽解剖学测量数据的报告。但Johng Heller的实验中采用了直径3.5mm的螺钉,Howards的研究发现相邻侧块中心间的距离平均13mm,螺钉进钉深度平均10-11mm.这在一定程度上勾画了侧块的大小。
4.6 经生物力学试验显示,直径3.2、3.5、4.5mm的皮质骨螺钉,穿透双层骨皮质,具有最大的拉出阻力,其中3.5的螺钉力量最大。经侧块钢板螺丝钉内固定,钢板首尾两端的螺钉是固定的薄弱环节。
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作者简介:吉立新(1962-),男,山东临沂人,副主任医师,医学硕士。