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连词与介词的区别

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  我们在学习一种语言的时候经常会学习的语言的语法,那么你知道连词和介词的区别是什么吗?下面是小编为你整理的连词与介词的区别,供大家阅览!

  介词和连词的区别:

  介词不能单独作句子成分,但介词在介词短语中是两个实质性结构成分中(介词+名词性词语)的一个;而连词在实质性结构中只起连接作用。下面以“和”为例谈谈如何区别介词和连词。①当“和”作介词的时候,“和”前后的成分不能互换,前面可加副词作状语,后面可以有停顿。②当“和”作连词的时候,“和”前后的成分可以互换,前面不能加副词性修饰成分,后面不能停顿。

  一、介词的分类与语法功能

  1. 介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。

  介词分为:

  ① 简单介词,如at、in、for等;

  ② 合成介词,如within、inside、onto、througout等;

  ③ 短语介词,如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。

  ④ 双重介词,如from behind / above / under、until after等。

  ⑤ 分词介词,如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。

  常见的介词宾语:名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。

  如:

  ①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.

  ②He quarrelled with her yesterday.

  ③He succeeded in passing the final exam.

  ④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.

  ⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.

  2. 介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。

  如:

  ①This machine is in good condition.(表语)

  ②Where is the key to my bike?(定语)

  ③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)

  ④She always thinks herself above others.(宾补)

  二、介词的搭配

  1. “动词+介词”搭配:注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。

  ①rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow(“夺去、除去”意 义的动词与of 连用)

  ②supply us with food / fill the glass with wine(“供给”意义的动词与with连用)

  ③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat(“制作、制造”意义与of、from、into连用)

  ④介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系(=动词 + sb.’s + 部位,可换用)

  strike him on the head(“击,拍,碰,摸”意义与on连用) c

  atch him by the arm(“抓,拉,拿,扯”意义与by连用)

  hit the boy in the face(“肚,胸,眼,脸”等人体前部与in连用)

  ⑤prevent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.(“阻止,禁止”意义与from连用)

  ⑥persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth.(“说服,建议”意义与into连用)

  ⑦buy sb. for sth.(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意义与for连用)

  ⑧tell sth.to sb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意义与to连用)

  ⑨give sth. to sb.(give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意义与to连用)

  注意:⑦⑧⑨可换成buy sb.sth.双宾结构。

  ⑩say to sb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest sb.sth.。

  同一介词与不同动词搭配,意义各异

  reply to the letter回信,

  sing(dance)to the music和....唱(跳),

  amount to 达到,加起来有....,

  devote to把...贡献给,

  drink to为....干杯,

  object to反对,

  look forward to 渴望,

  come to苏醒,

  belong to属于,

  search for搜...,

  ask … for … 寻找,

  use … for用作,

  leave for前往,

  take … for误以为,

  call of倡导,

  wait for等待,

  care for喜欢,

  make up for弥补损失,

  turn to求助(救)于,

  help oneself to随意,

  agree to同意,

  compare … to把...比作,

  send for派人去请(拿)...,

  sail for驶向,航向,

  set out for动身去,

  go in for爱好„„。

  2. 常见“形容词 + 介词”搭配。

  worthy of值得的,

  glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴,

  far from离„„远,

  grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感激某人,

  free from没有„„(免除„„),

  proud of(take pride in)自豪,

  satisfied with (by)满意,

  sure of / about确信,

  fond of喜欢,

  fit for适合,

  busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙着干某事,

  full of充满,

  ready for准备,

  similar to相似,

  wrong with不对;有毛病„„

  3. “名词 + 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。

  三、核心介词的用法归纳与辨析

  1. 表示时间的介词in的用法如下。

  表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in,

  如:in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in(the) winter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。

  还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如:in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, evening)。

  但要注意:

  ①at night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night(大夜间)。

  ②in five days(weeks, months, years)中in意思是“在„„以后”。

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